ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of retinopathy in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with Pegylated interferon alpha 2a and Ribavirin. This descriptive case series study was conducted in Medical Unit II of the Jinnah Hospital Lahore from September 2012 to February 2013. One hundred chronic hepatitis C patients visiting Medical Unit II outpatient department fulfilling inclusion criteria were selected for this study via non probability purposive sampling. Patients were started on pegylated interferon and ribavirin combination therapy. Subjects were subjected to dilated eye fundoscopic examination at the start of therapy and then after three months of the therapy. One hundred patients were included in this study. Out of these 100 patients 5% developed retinopathy whereas fundus examination was normal in rest of the patients. Interferon therapy can lead to retinopathy. Periodic fundoscopic examinations help in early detection and prevent progression to permanent visual loss
ABSTRACT
Objective: to determine the frequency of restrictive pulmonary dysfunction in type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients and to measure the severity of pulmonary dysfunction
Material and Methods: this study included 255 patients of type I and type II diabetes who had followed up in the out patient departments of Pulmonology and Medicine in Mayo Hospital, Lahore. Forced vital capacity [FVC] and forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1] were measured using standard spirometry
Results: mean age was 47.26+/-19.076 years. 230 [90.2%] were males and 25 [9.8%] were females. 58 [22.7%] were type 1 diabetics and 197 [77.3%] were type 2 diabetics. 37 [14.5%] had restrictive pathology, 6 [2.4%] had obstructive pathology and 212 [83.1%] had normal lung function tests. 35 [13.7%] had mild restrictive dysfunction and 2 [0.8%] had moderate restrictive lung dysfunction
Conclusion: These data support the notion that the lung is a target organ for diabetic injury. Additional research is required to identify pathophysiologic mechanisms and to determine clinical significance
ABSTRACT
Chronic rheumatic heart disease is the commonest cause of mitral stenosis. Incidence of rheumatic MS parallels that of acute rheumatic fever. Atrial fibrillation usually develops in the presence of pre-existing ECG evidence of left atrial enlargement and is related to the size of the chamber, the extent of fibrosis of the left atrial myocardium, the duration of the atriomegaly and the age of the patient. The tendency for development of systemic embolization correlates directly with the patient's age and the size of the left atrial appendages and inversely with the cardiac output. Eighty percent of the patients of MS in whom systemic emboli develop are in atrial fibrillation. A descriptive study was designed in the Department of Medicine, K E Medical College / Mayo Hospital and Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore. A total of 129 conservative cases of mitral stenosis were included in this study, based upon convenient patient sampling. A total of 112 patients were followed up properly, the remaining 17 were lost to follow. The results showed left atrial size and MVA have an inverse correlation [p = 0.017]. LAT has a strong association with AF in cases of MS [p = 0.002]. The severity of MS does not influence the frequency of AF [p = 0.24]. It was thus concluded that left atrial size and MVA have an inverse correlation [p = 0.017]. LAT has a strong association with AF in cases of MS [p = 0.002]. The severity of MS does not influence the frequency of AF [p = 0.24]